Japanese houses come in all shapes and sizes, but privacy is always a big concern. Here are 10 that offer their residents complete seclusion, from an angular concrete bunker to a seemingly windowless box.

Kamiuma House by Chop + Archi 
This monolithic house is designed to fill a challenging triangle-shaped plot in Tokyo, and uses its sharp "dead space" corners as hidden courtyards.
While enabling Chop + Archi to create a softer-shaped interior, these courtyards shield the interiors from the eyes of passersby and also double as giant lightwells.
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House in Toyonaka by FujiwaraMuro Architects
FujiwaraMuro Architects designed this monolithic house as a stack of offset, windowless boxes, which provide privacy while allowing light and air to enter. Located in an urbanised site in north Osaka, it is a direct response to its urbanised site that is enclosed by neighbouring houses and lacks any noteworthy views.
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Black Box by TakaTin
The minimal black facade of this Tokyo residence is disrupted only in a few places, where American studio TakaTin carefully placed windows to provide sufficient natural light and ventilation.
It is also raised on a concrete plinth that hosts a small south-facing courtyard, forming a buffer between the main living space and the adjacent house.
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House of Fluctuations by Satoru Hirota Architects
A blocky, multi-layered facade...