FAVELA REAL
BY ZACH MORTICE
A 360-degree photo of Santa Marta. Photo by José Duarte.
Renowned for their ad hoc flexibility, material economy, and compositional resourcefulness, Rio de Janeiro’s favelas can be treasure troves for urbanists. Unplanned, unsanctioned, and often unmapped, they mutate (adding a story, turning a ground floor into a shop, switching from sheet metal to concrete as soon as owners come into a few more Brazilian reals) at a pace unseen in the affluent global north. But these communities are located far away from most of the world?s stock of urban design expertise.
Last spring, to bridge this divide, Penn State landscape architecture professor Timothy Baird and architecture professor José Duarte taught a new studio that engaged students in the study of one Brazilian favela via virtual reality (VR) technology. The studio, which paired architecture students with landscape architecture students, posited VR as a proxy for expensive site visits. ?Developing countries can?t always afford consultants because of the distance and difficulty to travel,? says Baird, who recently became chair of the landscape architecture department at Cornell University. The virtual reality environment in which these students designed was constructed after Duarte and a crew of Brazilian students traveled to Rio de Janeiro?s Santa Marta favela before the semester began. They took thousands of still images, 360-degree videos and photos, and collected satellite and aerial photos with the...
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